What Is Perimenopause? A Simple Guide to What’s Happening in Your Body
If you’re a woman in your 30s, 40s, or early 50s and things just feel... different — your periods are changing, your sleep is off, or your mood swings are becoming more noticeable — you might be going through perimenopause.
But what exactly is perimenopause? And how do you know if you’re in it? Let’s break it down in a way that actually makes sense.
What Is Perimenopause?
Perimenopause literally means “around menopause.” It’s the time leading up to menopause — the point when your periods stop completely for 12 months. Perimenopause is when your body starts to wind down its reproductive years. Think of it as a gradual transition, not a sudden switch.
It can start as early as your mid-30s (though more commonly in the 40s), and it can last anywhere from a few months to 10 years. Yes, years. Everyone’s timeline is different.
What’s Happening in Your Body?
During perimenopause, your ovaries start producing less estrogen and progesterone — the hormones that regulate your menstrual cycle. But they don’t just slowly go down in a straight line. Instead, hormone levels can rise and fall unpredictably. That’s why symptoms can come and go.
Common Signs of Perimenopause
Not every woman will experience all of these, but here are the most common changes:
Irregular periods – They may come earlier, later, be heavier, lighter, or skip altogether.
Hot flashes – Sudden feelings of warmth, often with sweating.
Sleep problems – Difficulty falling or staying asleep, or waking up too early.
Mood swings – Irritability, anxiety, or even depression.
Brain fog – Trouble concentrating or remembering things.
Low libido – Less interest in sex than usual.
Vaginal dryness – Which can cause discomfort during sex.
Weight gain – Often around the belly area.
How Do You Know It’s Perimenopause?
There’s no single test to confirm it. Your doctor might look at your symptoms and possibly test hormone levels, but because they fluctuate, the tests aren’t always reliable. Tracking your cycle and symptoms can help give you and your doctor a clearer picture.
What Can You Do About It?
Good news: You don’t have to just “tough it out.” There are plenty of ways to feel better, including:
Lifestyle changes – Eating well, exercising, reducing stress, and getting good sleep can make a big difference.
Hormone therapy – For some women, estrogen therapy can help with more severe symptoms (talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits).
Supplements and medications – From vitamin D to antidepressants, there are options that can help manage specific symptoms.
Support – Talking with friends, a therapist, or joining a community can help you feel less alone.
Bottom Line
Perimenopause is a natural phase of life, but it can feel overwhelming and unpredictable. Understanding what’s happening in your body is the first step to navigating it with more confidence and less confusion. You’re not going crazy — you’re just evolving. And that’s powerful.